One of the challenges of treatment is in individualising therapy based on signs of DME disease activity. One example of this is in the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME) where anti-angiogenic agents which block vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF agents) delivered by intravitreous injection have shown greater efficacy than conventional macular laser in improving vision in eyes with DME. The recent and rapid development in retinal imaging has been paralleled by equally impressive improvements in treatments for patients with macular disease. The technology has undergone rapid development over the past 10 years and the latest spectral-domain OCT (SDOCT) devices are much faster than older time-domain OCT technology permitting more sampling of the macula with reduction in scan times. OCT imaging is a rapid, non-invasive imaging modality which uses reflectivity of low coherence light to produce 3 dimensional images of macular structure and is the optical analogue of ultrasound. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging has become an essential tool in assessing macular structure. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are creditedĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the paper.įunding: This research was supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre based at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology. Received: NovemAccepted: ApPublished: May 21, 2015Ĭopyright: © 2015 Heng et al. Lewin, University of Florida, UNITED STATES PLoS ONE 10(5):Īcademic Editor: Alfred S.
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